As security becomes ever more paramount and network administrators implement extra layers of security, including client PCs running personal firewall products, systems administrators and support staff need to know which ports and protocols Microsoft operating systems and programs require for network connectivity in a segmented network.
Microsoft have addressed this with Microsoft knowledge base article 832017, which details the essential network ports, protocols and services that are used by Microsoft client and server operating systems, server-based programs and their subcomponents in the Microsoft Windows server system.
Related posts (from my private blog)
Getting Tivoli to work on a Windows XP computer with a personal firewall enabled
Useful TCP and UDP port numbers